AboutOrchids

Autumn’s chill brings changes to orchid care. Check these tips to keep plants healthy.

•  Many orchids begin to enter dormancy in the fall. Start to reduce watering frequency for Cattleyas, Dendrobiums, Epidendrums, Oncidiums, and Odonts. Begin to cut back fertilizer, too. Moth Orchids, Lady Slippers, and Pleurothallids do not go dormant, but with autumn’s shorter, cooler days, it’s possible to water them less, also.
• Always maintain high humidity and good air flow around orchids. As heaters turn on, they dry the air, which encourages pests. To raise humidity, spray orchids with a mister, and group plants together. Keep pots atop trays of water and pebbles, always keeping the pots completely above the water level. Place plants near water features.
• Bring outdoor orchids indoors before it gets too cold. Take the opportunity to remove dead leaves and flower debris, and check for pests. Many growers spray with insecticidal soap, pesticidal oil, or rubbing alcohol (surgical spirits) before moving plants indoors.
• Increase light levels to compensate for autumn’s weaker sun and shorter days. Move plants into brighter light gradually over two weeks. Even shade-lovers like Phals, Paphs, and Masdevallias can tolerate some direct sun in fall and winter.
• Don’t worry if older, lower leaves turn yellow or die. Continue to give plants bright light and good humidity.
• If Phals aren’t blooming, give them slightly cooler temps for 3 – 4 weeks. Keep them below 80°F (27°C) during the day, and let them drop to 60°F (16°C) at night. After a few weeks, return them to their normal 65°F (18°C) minimum. Healthy plants will start a new flower spike within a month. Cymbidiums also want cooler nights, and won’t bloom if they’re kept too warm in autumn.

The New York Times reports on Nodding Ladies’ Tresses, a native orchid bringing beauty to New York City. With twisting spirals of sparkling white flowers, Nodding Ladies’ Tresses share the graceful beauty of the related Spiranthes which I grow. “Sit among them for a few quiet moments and a bumblebee or a honeybee will land at the bottom of a flower stem and wend its way upward, climbing the flowers like stairs, guided by the gracefully twisting flower spike.” Hidden in wet meadows or behind poison ivy vines, Nodding Ladies’ Tresses are tougher than they look. Their white spires can even survive the tough streets of the big city.

With orchids in every supermarket, visiting an orchid show might seem unnecessary. However, last weekend’s Orchids in the Park proved why orchid shows are definitely worthwhile. The displays were full of unusual and exotic blooms. You won’t find these orchid varieties in a supermarket.

These flowers both defy and excite the imagination. They’re great reminders of how diverse orchids are. After growing orchids for over 20 years, I’m still surprised by varieties I’ve never seen before.

Comparing these flowers to what’s available by the grocery aisle, it’s apparent that those supermarket orchids only represent a thin sliver of the orchid world. To enjoy treasures like these, visit an event like Orchids in the Park.

Orchid shows are happening everywhere from San Diego to Rio, from Montreal to Helsinki, and from Canberra to Prague. These events provide great opportunities to enjoy stunning flowers, meet local orchid experts, take photos, and find special plants for your own collection.

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Don’t miss this weekend’s Orchids in the Park!  On September 28th – 29th, Golden Gate Park hosts a smaller version of San Francisco’s huge winter orchid show. The event includes plenty of orchids to enjoy, as well as vendors, demos, and seminars. The photos below are only a small sample of last year’s exciting offerings. See you there!

Celebrate today’s equinox with these brilliant orchid colors. Autumn arrives as the northern half of the globe tilts away from the sun, and nights grow longer.

These flowers represent only a few of those on display at a recent monthly meeting of the San Francisco Orchid Society. On the first Tuesday evening of every month, everyone is welcome to enjoy blooms like these at the San Francisco County Fair Building. Many local orchid societies feature similar events with impressive displays. If summer’s departure has you yearning for floral fare, check out your local orchid society for some autumn colors.

Door County, Wisconsin cares about its native orchids. Starting in the 1930’s, a 40 acre (16 hectare) sanctuary was preserved to save rare wildflowers. Over the decades, the preserve grew to 1500 acres (607 hectares,) and it’s home to 25 of the 40 orchid species native to Wisconsin. Despite the nature sanctuary, orchid populations have declined due to hungry deer, maturing trees blocking sunlight, and selfish orchid collectors who dig up (and kill) the plants. As a result of the decline, the preserve has begun an orchid restoration project. Volunteers have started collecting seeds from Showy Lady Slippers, Yellow Lady Slippers, Ram’s Head Orchids, and Grass Pink Orchids. The seeds will be sent to nearby orchid farmers to germinate, tend the young seedlings, and then return them to the wild in two to four years. “There’s just a handful of people in the nation doing this work because it’s so complicated,” said Melissa Curran, a botanist who is assisting the restoration project. Their hard work should keep this preserve full of flowers for years to come.

Scroll though the article’s photo gallery to see some of the orchids and their minuscule seeds.

These magical gems are Pleurothallids, a large, diverse orchid family from Central and South America. They’re popular with orchid growers who enjoy their brilliant colors, fantastic shapes, and compact sizes. Many have names which seem larger than the plants themselves. Masdevallias are the best known Pleurothallids. The first row of photos below shows just a few of thousands of available Masdevallia varieties.

Masdevallias share close family ties with other genera like Dracula, Pleurothallis, Stelis, Restrepia, Scaphosepalum, and Dryadella. In the cloud forests and rainy mountainsides of Central and South America, over 4000 species fill out the Pleurothallid family tree. Despite the incredible variety of their flowers, most have similar care needs. Some types demand consistently cool temps, 40° – 70°F (4° – 21°C,) but many are tolerant of warmer weather, and want nightly drops to 55°F (13°C.) All Pleurothallids need consistent high humidity and constant air movement. They want bright light, but generally don’t need any full sun, and can grow under artificial lights. Many types cannot tolerate chemicals in tap water, and need purified water or rainwater.

Pleurothallids are great outdoor orchids for growers in San Francisco and other cool, moist climates. Foggy breezes provide the perfect humidity and air movement to replicate their airy mountain homes. San Francisco’s clean tap water works for many types, although some kinds, such as Draculas and Stelis, demand purified water.

To learn more, visit the Pleurothallid Alliance, which encourages the cultivation, conservation, and appreciation of Pleurothallids.

Considering its tiny flowers, this unusual Domingoa can really put on a show. Its thick, speckled leaves produce long stems with tiny purple blossoms. This plant can stay in bloom for more than two months, putting out successive flowers over late summer and early autumn.

I’ve had this Domingoa growing outdoors and blooming well for three years, but the flowers are so small that it’s been tough to take nice photos. Dave took some great shots recently, so I can finally share this little gem. Each flower is about 1/4 inch (6 mm) wide. Small bunches swing at the ends of spikes, or flower stems, which can grow over 1 foot (30 cm) long. The wiry spikes may look dead after blooms finish, but they can rebloom for years.

White and red speckles on the thick leaves keep this orchid interesting, even when it’s not flowering. Here on the California coast, it grows outdoors on a mount in partial sun. I keep it well-watered until winter dormancy, when I bring it indoors and cut back watering. It stays in our back room, where winter nighttime temps go down to 50°F (10°C,) until spring.

Native to parts of Mexico and Central America, this species recently underwent a name change from Nageliella to Domingoa. It’s an uncommon orchid to find, and it’s often listed under its old name. No matter what it’s called, it’s easy to find space for this charming mini in any collection.

In the Richmond Times-Dispatch, orchid expert Arthur Chadwick explains how to make orchids look their best. Whether you want your blooms to win a ribbon or to dazzle in a photo, it helps to know orchid grooming basics. Good presentation enhances orchid beauty. Some of the tips include:

• Stake flower spikes upright. Add stakes to Phals, Paphs, and Oncidiums while their spikes are still small. Wait to stake Cattleyas until buds are mature. Dendrobium spikes are strong enough that they don’t need staking.
• Flowers should all face the same direction. Do not turn plants while buds are developing, or they will reorient to the light and be askew. You can turn plants after all flowers are fully open.
• Plants should look happy and healthy. Remove dead or damaged leaves with sterile blades. Clean any dust or debris from the leaves.